Rice
Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Frass:
Application at 4% by weight in soil increased rice production yield in the first year.
Application at 8% by weight showed better yield in the second year, suggesting a delayed fertilizing effect.
Increased the activity of enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) in rice leaves and enhanced N, P, and K content in the plant.
Promoted rice growth and yield in both the current and subsequent seasons when applied at reasonable amounts.